[time-nuts] Re: Clock display on Linux systems?

[Kevin Rowett]

Jim,

The wear leveling algorithms have gotten very good at garbage collection, wear leveling, and bit error recovery codes.  (LDPC has gotten a lot of practical research for flash).
(the challenges are - when to do the garage collection, so as not to impact read and write rates, yet not run so low that write IOP rate falls off a cliff, AND still keep pages alive).

File systems that try to understand the flash sectors generally haven’t proven as helpful as the flash device controller wear leveling algorithms.

A lot of the SD cards have gone to TLC style memory (also know as trash).

KR


> On Dec 8, 2021, at 2:35 PM, Lux, Jim <jim at luxfamily.com> wrote:
> 
> On 12/8/21 2:15 PM, Bill Dailey wrote:
>> You can also set them up so they don’t write to the SD once everything is set.  SD’s will last forever like this.  Basically read only and RAM disk.
> 
> 
> yes indeed - these days, with lots o'RAM on a rPi, you should boot off the SD (or eMMC) and run out of RAM.  For a "clock" application, you could probably structure your writes to SD (for nonvolatile storage of logs, etc.) so that you limit the number of writes. If you log once an hour that's just under 9000 writes/year.
> 
> Typical MLC flash is good for at least 10,000 erase cycles on a page. Writing data to an erased page (or the part that's not already written) doesn't wear it out, but changing data in the middle of a file does, because you have to erase it (consuming life), and then rewrite.
> 
> There are Journaling File Systems that deal with this, but I doubt they're compatible with the wear leveling systems in commercial SD cards. Basically, the SD card has a controller that exposes a generalized interface, with the wear leveling hidden from you, and if it's hidden, then the JFS doesn't really know how to manage the device.
> 
> I don't know, though, it's a fertile ground - and someone may have a nice JFS for a common distro for RPi and SD card.
> 
> 
> If you want to get real down and dirty, there are also clever schemes that write all ones or zeros (depending on the device), instead of erasing, and then the reader of the file knows that this means "not used" - Much like the RUBOUT character on paper tape, or a similar scheme used with PROMS where you don't want to erase it.
> 
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