[time-nuts] WWV Doppler Shift

jimlux jimlux at earthlink.net
Fri Nov 23 00:12:47 UTC 2018


On 11/22/18 3:38 PM, Attila Kinali wrote:
> On Tue, 20 Nov 2018 15:30:54 -0800
> "Tom Van Baak" <tvb at LeapSecond.com> wrote:
> 
>> How hard would it be to use a hands-off SDR to produce a 5 MHz WWV phase
>> data point every second?
> 
> Fairly easy. If you go for one of the RTLSDR dongles, you will
> have to do the direct-sampling-mod[1], as the tuner chips do not
> go this low, and provide an external filter.


The one from RTL-SDR (v.3) has the mod from the factory.

You *will* need a filter - there's a nice image; everything above and 
below 14.4 MHz is replicated. The digital down converter inside works 
just fine, so tuning to 5 MHz (or slightly off) works just fine.

It puts out 8 bit I/Q data - I use the rtl_sdr.c program (slightly 
modified) to grab samples and dump them into a file, then post process. 
You could probably also use rtl_tcp to stream to some utility hanging 
off a socket.

I fire it off with something like this (with the rtl running connected 
to a beaglebone):
ssh -f -q debian at beagle101 "rtl_sdr -D 2 -s 1e6 -f 5.001e6 -n 100000 
/tmp/capture.bin 2>temperr.txt >temp.txt"





  Using the right
> sampling rate (ie something odd) and both 60kHz and 5MHz will
> end up somewhere nice. For additional goodness, I would either
> lock the 28.8MHz crystal to a stable source, or use a third
> RTLSDR dongle to provide the 28.8MHz clock for the other two,
> and sample with that a convenient stable signal (eg. the harmonics
> of an 10MHz signal).
> 
> Alternatively, and much simpler, bu5 more expensive, you can go
> for an airspy[2] which already has an external reference input
> and two ADC inputs. All you need are some pigtails with U-FL
> connectors for the ADC inputs, and an MCX one for the reference
> clock source.
> 
> 			Attila Kinali
> 
> 
> [1] https://www.rtl-sdr.com/rtl-sdr-direct-sampling-mode/
> 
> [2] https://www.itead.cc/airspy.html?acc=cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da
> 

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/*
 * rtl-sdr, turns your Realtek RTL2832 based DVB dongle into a SDR receiver
 * Copyright (C) 2012 by Steve Markgraf <steve at steve-m.de>
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

/* jimlux 13 Oct 2017 - add -D switch for direct sampling */

#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#ifndef _WIN32
#include <unistd.h>
#else
#include <windows.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include "getopt/getopt.h"
#endif

#include "rtl-sdr.h"
#include "convenience/convenience.h"

#define DEFAULT_SAMPLE_RATE		2048000
#define DEFAULT_BUF_LENGTH		(16 * 16384)
#define MINIMAL_BUF_LENGTH		512
#define MAXIMAL_BUF_LENGTH		(256 * 16384)

static int do_exit = 0;
static uint32_t bytes_to_read = 0;
static rtlsdr_dev_t *dev = NULL;

void usage(void)
{
	fprintf(stderr,
		"rtl_sdr, an I/Q recorder for RTL2832 based DVB-T receivers\n\n"
		"Usage:\t -f frequency_to_tune_to [Hz]\n"
		"\t[-s samplerate (default: 2048000 Hz)]\n"
		"\t[-d device_index (default: 0)]\n"
		"\t[-g gain (default: 0 for auto)]\n"
		"\t[-p ppm_error (default: 0)]\n"
		"\t[-b output_block_size (default: 16 * 16384)]\n"
		"\t[-n number of samples to read (default: 0, infinite)]\n"
		"\t[-S force sync output (default: async)]\n"
		"\tfilename (a '-' dumps samples to stdout)\n\n"
    "\texperimental jimlux\n"
    "\t[-D 1|2 direct sampling]\n"      );
	exit(1);
}

#ifdef _WIN32
BOOL WINAPI
sighandler(int signum)
{
	if (CTRL_C_EVENT == signum) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Signal caught, exiting!\n");
		do_exit = 1;
		rtlsdr_cancel_async(dev);
		return TRUE;
	}
	return FALSE;
}
#else
static void sighandler(int signum)
{
	fprintf(stderr, "Signal caught, exiting!\n");
	do_exit = 1;
	rtlsdr_cancel_async(dev);
}
#endif

static void rtlsdr_callback(unsigned char *buf, uint32_t len, void *ctx)
{
	if (ctx) {
		if (do_exit)
			return;

		if ((bytes_to_read > 0) && (bytes_to_read < len)) {
			len = bytes_to_read;
			do_exit = 1;
			rtlsdr_cancel_async(dev);
		}

		if (fwrite(buf, 1, len, (FILE*)ctx) != len) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Short write, samples lost, exiting!\n");
			rtlsdr_cancel_async(dev);
		}

		if (bytes_to_read > 0)
			bytes_to_read -= len;
	}
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
#ifndef _WIN32
	struct sigaction sigact;
#endif
	char *filename = NULL;
	int n_read;
	int r, opt;
	int gain = 0;
	int ppm_error = 0;
	int sync_mode = 0;
  int direct_sampling =0; //jimlux
	FILE *file;
	uint8_t *buffer;
	int dev_index = 0;
	int dev_given = 0;
	uint32_t frequency = 100000000;
	uint32_t samp_rate = DEFAULT_SAMPLE_RATE;
	uint32_t out_block_size = DEFAULT_BUF_LENGTH;

	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "d:f:g:s:b:n:p:S:D:")) != -1) { //jimlux - added D:
		switch (opt) {
		case 'd':
			dev_index = verbose_device_search(optarg);
			dev_given = 1;
			break;
		case 'f':
			frequency = (uint32_t)atofs(optarg);
			break;
		case 'g':
			gain = (int)(atof(optarg) * 10); /* tenths of a dB */
			break;
		case 's':
			samp_rate = (uint32_t)atofs(optarg);
			break;
		case 'p':
			ppm_error = atoi(optarg);
			break;
		case 'b':
			out_block_size = (uint32_t)atof(optarg);
			break;
		case 'n':
			bytes_to_read = (uint32_t)atof(optarg) * 2;
			break;
    case 'D':     //jimlux
      direct_sampling = atoi(optarg);
      break;
		case 'S':
			sync_mode = 1;
			break;
		default:
			usage();
			break;
		}
	}

	if (argc <= optind) {
		usage();
	} else {
		filename = argv[optind];
	}

	if(out_block_size < MINIMAL_BUF_LENGTH ||
	   out_block_size > MAXIMAL_BUF_LENGTH ){
		fprintf(stderr,
			"Output block size wrong value, falling back to default\n");
		fprintf(stderr,
			"Minimal length: %u\n", MINIMAL_BUF_LENGTH);
		fprintf(stderr,
			"Maximal length: %u\n", MAXIMAL_BUF_LENGTH);
		out_block_size = DEFAULT_BUF_LENGTH;
	}

	buffer = malloc(out_block_size * sizeof(uint8_t));

	if (!dev_given) {
		dev_index = verbose_device_search("0");
	}

	if (dev_index < 0) {
		exit(1);
	}

	r = rtlsdr_open(&dev, (uint32_t)dev_index);
	if (r < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open rtlsdr device #%d.\n", dev_index);
		exit(1);
	}
#ifndef _WIN32
	sigact.sa_handler = sighandler;
	sigemptyset(&sigact.sa_mask);
	sigact.sa_flags = 0;
	sigaction(SIGINT, &sigact, NULL);
	sigaction(SIGTERM, &sigact, NULL);
	sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sigact, NULL);
	sigaction(SIGPIPE, &sigact, NULL);
#else
	SetConsoleCtrlHandler( (PHANDLER_ROUTINE) sighandler, TRUE );
#endif
	/* Set the sample rate */
	verbose_set_sample_rate(dev, samp_rate);

	/* Set the frequency */
	verbose_set_frequency(dev, frequency);

  /* direct sampling */ //jimlux
  if (direct_sampling) {
    verbose_direct_sampling(dev, direct_sampling);
  }

	if (0 == gain) {
		 /* Enable automatic gain */
		verbose_auto_gain(dev);
	} else {
		/* Enable manual gain */
		gain = nearest_gain(dev, gain);
		verbose_gain_set(dev, gain);
	}

	verbose_ppm_set(dev, ppm_error);

	if(strcmp(filename, "-") == 0) { /* Write samples to stdout */
		file = stdout;
#ifdef _WIN32
		_setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
#endif
	} else {
		file = fopen(filename, "wb");
		if (!file) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open %s\n", filename);
			goto out;
		}
	}

	/* Reset endpoint before we start reading from it (mandatory) */
	verbose_reset_buffer(dev);

	if (sync_mode) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Reading samples in sync mode...\n");
		while (!do_exit) {
			r = rtlsdr_read_sync(dev, buffer, out_block_size, &n_read);
			if (r < 0) {
				fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: sync read failed.\n");
				break;
			}

			if ((bytes_to_read > 0) && (bytes_to_read < (uint32_t)n_read)) {
				n_read = bytes_to_read;
				do_exit = 1;
			}

			if (fwrite(buffer, 1, n_read, file) != (size_t)n_read) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Short write, samples lost, exiting!\n");
				break;
			}

			if ((uint32_t)n_read < out_block_size) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Short read, samples lost, exiting!\n");
				break;
			}

			if (bytes_to_read > 0)
				bytes_to_read -= n_read;
		}
	} else {
		fprintf(stderr, "Reading samples in async mode...\n");
		r = rtlsdr_read_async(dev, rtlsdr_callback, (void *)file,
				      0, out_block_size);
	}

	if (do_exit)
		fprintf(stderr, "\nUser cancel, exiting...\n");
	else
		fprintf(stderr, "\nLibrary error %d, exiting...\n", r);

	if (file != stdout)
		fclose(file);

	rtlsdr_close(dev);
	free (buffer);
out:
	return r >= 0 ? r : -r;
}
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