[time-nuts] Arduino clock with NTP Input and analog meter outputs

MITCHELL JANOFF majanoff at verizon.net
Sun Feb 24 17:21:14 UTC 2019


I’ve designed and built an Arduino based clock that receives the time from an NTP server, converts the time to voltages, and outputs the voltages to analog volt or ammeters using the PWM pins on the Arduino. The clock displays hours, minutes and seconds, each on a separate analog meters with customized clock faces. The design, code, and clock faces, and a picture of the clock are in the public domain, and I’ve posted all the information required to build this clock in a GitHub folder (www.github.com/majanoff). The clock faces are in PDF format (for Weston 301 panel meters) that can be printed and glued onto the meter metal faces. If you are interested in building the clock, I can create custom faces based on your meters or there is a link in the folder pointing to the meter face software.  I’ve also built the same clock using time from a GPS receiver and a DS1307 real time clock module (posted on GitHub)  in-place of the NTP internet connection. I used lookup tables for the output voltages for each of the meters, as there is a bit of non-linearity in the output, which can be corrected via the lookup tables. 

Please contact me directly if you are interested in more information. 

Mitch.
Kc2mfb



--------------------------------------------
On Sun, 2/24/19,  <time-nuts-request at lists.febo.com> wrote:

 Subject: time-nuts Digest, Vol 175, Issue 33
 To: time-nuts at lists.febo.com
 Date: Sunday, February 24, 2019, 12:00 PM
 
 Send time-nuts mailing list submissions to
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 When replying, please edit your Subject
 line so it is more specific
 than "Re: Contents of time-nuts
 digest..."
 
 
 Today's Topics:
 
    1. Re: Bricked Garmin GPS 18x
 LVC (Hal Murray)
    2. Re: Clock project request
 from IEEE (John Reid)
    3. Re: HP Stories: An
 architectural view of the HP 5060/5061 and
       awkward oscillator
 adjustments. (Rice, Hugh (IPH Writing Systems))
 
 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Message: 1
 Date: Sat, 23 Feb 2019 14:23:34 -0800
 From: Hal Murray <hmurray at megapathdsl.net>
 To: Discussion of precise time and
 frequency measurement
     <time-nuts at lists.febo.com>
 Cc: hmurray at megapathdsl.net
 Subject: Re: [time-nuts] Bricked Garmin
 GPS 18x LVC
 Message-ID:
     <20190223222334.2405D40605C at ip-64-139-1-69.sjc.megapath.net>
 Content-Type: text/plain;
 charset=us-ascii
 
 
 > If you open it up, then simply
 connect a load resistor, perhaps in the
 > neighborhood of 100 ohms (but
 definitely not a direct short!) across the
 > super cap to drain it faster. 
 
 I couldn't open mine up.
 
 I got one into a useless state.  I
 don't know how I did it, but it wasn't 
 updating firmware.  Mine recovered
 after a while, but I don't know how long it 
 took.  I tossed it on the junk
 pile because it was useless.  Eventually, I 
 tried again and it worked.
 
 Note that trying too soon probably
 charges up the super cap and thus restarts 
 the clock.
 
 
 -- 
 These are my opinions.  I hate
 spam.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ------------------------------
 
 Message: 2
 Date: Sun, 24 Feb 2019 11:51:13 +0000
 From: John Reid <reid.john at hotmail.com>
 To: "time-nuts at lists.febo.com"
 <time-nuts at lists.febo.com>
 Subject: Re: [time-nuts] Clock project
 request from IEEE
 Message-ID:
     <CY4PR13MB1208932C9CAD0F2492D7684FF8790 at CY4PR13MB1208.namprd13.prod.outlook.com>
     
 Content-Type: text/plain;
 charset="utf-8"
 
 I would love something that gave a list
 of options set from the location in the NMEA string.
 
 Such as this time zone or different,
 with nearby zones first; DST on/off. Could get to be a
 significant effort very quickly, but maybe there are xml
 files out there that would make it easy?
 
 
 John
 
 
 On 24/2/19 4:00 am, time-nuts-request at lists.febo.com<mailto:time-nuts-request at lists.febo.com>
 wrote:
 
 Message: 4
 Date: Sat, 23 Feb 2019 15:47:11 +0100
 From: Magnus Danielson <magnus at rubidium.se><mailto:magnus at rubidium.se>
 To: time-nuts at lists.febo.com<mailto:time-nuts at lists.febo.com>,
 Glenn Zorpette <g.zorpette at ieee.org><mailto:g.zorpette at ieee.org>
 Subject: Re: [time-nuts] Clock project
 request from IEEE
 Message-ID: <4d54789a-e3eb-46f6-0d0d-523954c419fb at rubidium.se><mailto:4d54789a-e3eb-46f6-0d0d-523954c419fb at rubidium.se>
 Content-Type: text/plain;
 charset=utf-8; format=flowed
 
 Hi,
 
 On 2019-02-22 19:31, Tom Van Baak
 wrote:
 
 
 I received the following email and
 permission to post it on time-nuts:
 
 
 
 Hello,
 
 I am the executive editor of the IEEE's
 flagship magazine, IEEE Spectrum.
 I recently acquired a TAPR "Pulse
 Puppy" and I am intrigued by the idea of
 using it to build a very precise clock
 that I would share with Spectrum's readers.
 
 I would like to partner with an
 engineer with experience in digital clocks, who
 would be credited as co-author on this
 project.
 
 Can you suggest someone who might be
 interested in this project? I would be
 much obliged if you had some
 suggestions.
 
 Kind regards,
 -Glenn
 
 
 Glenn's contact info is:
 
 
 
 Glenn Zorpette
 g.zorpette at ieee.org<mailto:g.zorpette at ieee.org>
 
 
 You can just imagine all the many ways
 the project could head. Send Glenn a note if you want to
 help. Or post here if you have suggestions.
 
 
 I think we should contribute with our
 wealth of knowledge.
 
 There is several aspects that would
 form a digital clock. Many of the
 pieces is readily available, but we
 rarely put them together in a system.
 
 The TAPR Pulse Puppy is a nice little
 thing. I don't have one myself,
 but I can see how it could be useful,
 so thanks for making it aware of it.
 
 The Pulse Puppy obviously solves two
 things, one having a crystal
 oscillator and output a divided down
 signal.
 
 To build a clock system we should
 consider from where we get the time,
 and how we maintain it. These days the
 answer will be a GPS module which
 output it's time in serial form, such
 as the NMEA output format. That
 will give us the date and time of day
 that the PPS output represents, in
 UTC, and then the PPS pulse would give
 us the phase. The upside of this
 is that we get the date and time, but
 we don't get it adjusted to our
 local time-zone, we also depends
 strictly on the presence of the GPS
 signal. Also, the PPS pulse varies due
 to GPS properties as well as the
 clock-pulse assignment causing the
 sawtooth error.
 
 As widely known in the group, sawtooth
 error corrections is available
 over the serial interface from several
 receivers. Further, to make a
 more quiet source you want to filter
 out some of the GPS noise. This is
 where the Pulse Puppy can come at
 handy, as you can steer the oscillator
 with the GPS PPS pulse and sawtooth
 corrections, measure the
 time-difference and then create a
 servo-loop to steer the oscillators
 frequency and phase to an average of
 that from the GPS. The produced PPS
 pulse can be made more quiet for the
 short term stability while
 following the GPS long-term. In that
 regard we can filter and get a more
 stable clock.
 
 Another drawback may be that we loose
 GPS signal. There are many
 possible sources for that, but
 regardless which source, one needs to
 cover up the loss. This you do with
 hold-over, which is the secondary
 function of an oscillator. During
 hold-over the steering of the
 oscillator should be such that it
 minimize the time-error of a properly
 operating time and that of the clock in
 the oscillator. This is in it's
 most trivial form achieved by ensuring
 that the frequency steering of
 the oscillator is maintained as if it
 was locked to the GPS. The
 hold-over properties to a high degree
 depends on how well the oscillator
 is steered, and how stable the
 oscillator is to start with, but it ends
 being a material sport in that you go
 from TCXO, small OCXO, bigger
 OCXO, double-oven OCXO, rubidium clock,
 cesium clock etc. The GPS module
 has a small TCXO, but for these
 purposes you probably want to have
 something better.
 
 The digital clock part would at first
 look very trivial, it has a simple
 clock counter that counts 24 hours, 60
 minutes and 60 seconds. OK, so we
 need to set this clock. Oh, we might
 have time-zones. Oh, we might have
 shifts to and from daylight savings.
 Oh, we might have leap-seconds.
 Already there we have a little bit of
 added complexity. Nothing that
 can't be handled thought.
 
 Also, we want to set the time from the
 GPS module, so that would require
 us to have a serial link just to get
 the NMEA data or similar at least.
 We probably want to get additional data
 to be warned about leap-seconds,
 get the UTC-GPS offset, GPS week number
 etc. A separate serial link
 would probably be useful to set
 time-zone data or set the time from
 another source, such as a computer
 timed with NTP.
 
 It may also be interesting to encode
 time to be sent out. Serial
 interface, IRIG-B or similar.
 
 Now, as we look at this, we cover quite
 a bit, and you can go into
 depths to do this better, as needed in
 professional needs. However, I
 also see a potential to teach several
 different concepts that comes
 together in a DIY project, which also
 may be very handy.
 
 If done with a little bit of care, we
 can teach proper terms to be
 scientific and educational in one end,
 while also being very hands on
 and useful in the other.
 
 At the same time we can "crash" into
 some of the challenges that the
 professional world sees, and also lots
 of people needs to be educated in
 too. Being hands on and simplified just
 makes it more concrete, rather
 than abstracts concepts. Could be very
 useful and educational for a wide
 audience.
 
 Once bitten by the time-nuts bug, there
 is many things to improve.
 
 Cheers,
 Magnus - both hobbyist and
 professional
 
 
 
 ------------------------------
 
 Message: 3
 Date: Sun, 24 Feb 2019 12:02:47 +0000
 From: "Rice, Hugh (IPH Writing
 Systems)" <hugh.rice at hp.com>
 To: Discussion of precise time and
 frequency measurement
     <time-nuts at lists.febo.com>
 Subject: Re: [time-nuts] HP Stories: An
 architectural view of the HP
     5060/5061 and
 awkward oscillator adjustments.
 Message-ID:
     <CS1PR8401MB10789EE2AC1462203AFD86ED8C790 at CS1PR8401MB1078.NAMPRD84.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM>
     
 Content-Type: text/plain;
 charset=WINDOWS-1252
 
 Several people have asked about the Len
 Cutler ban on Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors in HP
 Frequency Standards.   Rick Karlquist could shed more
 light on this too.   The legend of the ban was passed
 along to me, perhaps by Lou Mueller, who liked to tell
 stories of the old days.   In 1985, we were not taking
 the ban literally.   For example, the 2400uF main power
 supply filter capacitor was AL-Electrolytic, as were a few
 other smaller capacitors on the power regulator.   I
 sidestepped the capacitor issues on my simple battery
 charger by not having a filter cap after the
 transformer/full-wave-bridge, and just used 120 Hz pulses,
 since the battery didn't care about DC vs. pulsed DC.  
 (I thought it was pretty clever to leave out the main filter
 cap.)     Where possible, Tantalum capacitors were
 used.    For the few places where AL caps were
 used, they were heavily de-rated, operating at 50% of rated
 voltage for example.
 
 As one reader pointed out, back in the
 1965 when the 5060A was developed, AL-Electrolytic caps were
 likely a lot less reliable than in 1985 when I worked on the
 5061B.
 
 
 From: time-nuts <time-nuts-bounces at lists.febo.com>
 On Behalf Of Rice, Hugh (IPH Writing Systems)
 Sent: Saturday, February 23, 2019 8:49
 PM
 To: time-nuts at lists.febo.com
 Subject: [time-nuts] HP Stories: An
 architectural view of the HP 5060/5061 and awkward
 oscillator adjustments.
 
 Hello Time-Nuts,
 
 .... Stuff deleted .....
 
 
 It was fantastically reliable. Only
 linear power circuits, with robust heat sinking of all power
 devices. The legendary Len Cutler ban on aluminum
 electrolytic capacitors. 5060s were still in use in 1985,
 after 20 years of constant operation. Likewise, 5061As were
 abundant in time standards for 25+ years until they were
 replaced by the 5071A in the 1990s.
 
 
 
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 33
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